Addition vs. Condensation Polymerisation: Key Differences Explained
Addition polymerisation joins monomers by adding them end-to-end, forming a single large molecule without by-products. Condensation polymerisation bonds monomers while releasing small molecules like water, creating more complex chains.
People confuse them because both make plastics, but one uses “add only” monomers while the other “condenses out” water—easy to miss when reading labels on packaging or 3D-printing filament.
Key Differences
Addition needs unsaturated monomers (e.g., ethene), no by-products, forms polyethylene. Condensation needs two functional groups (e.g., acid + alcohol), releases water, forms polyester.
Which One Should You Choose?
Need cheap, flexible plastic bags? Addition wins. Need strong, heat-resistant nylon or eco-friendly PLA? Pick condensation.
Examples and Daily Life
Plastic wrap = addition (polyethylene). Your fleece jacket = condensation (polyester releasing water during production).
Does condensation polymerisation always produce water?
No, it can release methanol or HCl depending on the monomers.
Can one product use both types?
Yes, ABS plastic blends addition (acrylonitrile) and condensation (styrene-acrylonitrile) parts.